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“#Scientists constructed ‘DNA droplets’ comprising designed DNA nanostructures” The research team experimentally demonstrated the controllability and functions of the DNA microstructures formed after LLPS. Credit: Tokyo Tech In living organisms, DNA is the storage unit of all genetic information. It is with this information that proteins are encoded, which then enable biological systems to function…
“#Molecular ‘tails’ are secret ingredient for gene activation in humans, yeast, and other organisms” Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain It might seem as though humans have little in common with the lowly yeast cell. Humans have hair, skin, muscles, and bones, among other attributes. Yeast have, well, none of those things. But besides their obvious differences,…
“#Listeria protein provides a CRISPR ‘kill switch’” Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain A single protein derived from a common strain of bacteria found in the soil will offer scientists a more precise way to edit RNA. The protein, called AcrVIA1, can halt the CRISPR-Cas13 editing process, according to new research from Cornell, Rockefeller University and the…
“#Viral dark matter exposed: Metagenome database detects phage-derived antibacterial enzyme” Let’s give our special “phage” attack to those evil C. difficile. Credit: Satoshi Uematsu, Osaka City University In a pioneer study published in Cell Host & Microbe, Researchers at Osaka City University and The Institute for Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, reported intestinal bacterial…
“#Cause of oversized placentas in cloning found after two decades” Figure 1: A mouse embryo (left) produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) attached to a normalized placenta (right). RIKEN researchers have discovered why SCNT produces large placentas. Credit: RIKEN BioResource Research Center One reason a technique for cloning animals often results in oversized placentas,…
“#A new role for a tiny linker in transmembrane ion channels” Credit: CC0 Public Domain In the molecular-level world of ion channels—passageways through membranes that carry signals in a cell’s environment and allow it to respond—researchers have debated about the role of a small piece of the channel called a linker, says computational biophysicist Jianhan…
“#Bats offer clues to treating COVID-19” Credit: CC0 Public Domain Bats are often considered patient zero for many deadly viruses affecting humans, including Ebola, rabies, and, most recently, the SARS-CoV-2 strain of virus that causes coronavirus. Although humans experience adverse symptoms when afflicted with these pathogens, bats are remarkably able to tolerate viruses, and, additionally,…
“#OPTN-ATG9 interaction accelerates autophagic degradation of ubiquitin-labeled mitochondria” Damaged mitochondria are selectively eliminated via autophagy called mitophagy. In mammalian cells, ubiquitin chains on the damaged mitochondria play critical roles to induce mitophagy. Researchers at Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (TMIMS) discovered that the critical autophagy adaptor OPTN (optineurin) interacts with ATG9A, the leucine zipper…
“#Study reveals how bacteria build essential carbon-fixing machinery” Illustration of a complex carboxysome structure and Rubisco enzymes. Credit: Luning Liu Scientists from the University of Liverpool have revealed new insight into how cyanobacteria construct the organelles that are essential for their ability to photosynthesise. The research, which carried out in collaboration with the University of…
“#Misfolded membrane proteins cleared from cells by ‘reubiquitinase’” Credit: CC0 Public Domain Chinese researchers recently discovered a protein quality control mechanism called ‘reubiquitination.’ The mechanism, according to the researchers, could promote the elimination of misfolded membrane proteins, minimize their dwell time in cells, and thereby reduce their probability to form toxic aggregates in the human…